Prevalence and Patterns of Domestic Violence in Pakistan: An Analysis of Empirical Evidence

Abstract

Domestic violence remains a pervasive issue in Pakistan, deeply rooted in cultural, social, and structural inequalities. This study analyzes empirical evidence to explore the prevalence and patterns of domestic violence against women across various regions of the country. Drawing on national surveys, case studies, and reports from governmental and non-governmental organizations, the research highlights significant trends in physical, emotional, sexual, and economic abuse. Findings indicate that approximately one in three women experiences some form of domestic violence during her lifetime, with rural areas showing a higher incidence rate than urban centers. The study also uncovers patterns linked to factors such as education level, economic dependence, marital status, and societal norms that tolerate or justify abuse. Additionally, the role of legal frameworks and institutional responses is critically assessed, revealing gaps in enforcement and victim support services. By synthesizing diverse sources of empirical data, the research aims to inform policymakers, activists, and scholars on the scope and dynamics of domestic violence in Pakistan, urging the need for integrated strategies to address this multifaceted problem.